1.在用户目录下的.bash_profile中添加(在当前用户有效,需要重新执行生成):

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export a=123 #新添加环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# . .bash_profile

[root@localhost ~]# echo $a

123

[root@localhost ~]# su - cjf #切换用户

[root@cjf ~]$ echo $a #打印出来的是空置

2.在etc/profile中添加(对所有用户都有效,需要重新执行生成)

 /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup

# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you

# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in

# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this

# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {

    case ":${PATH}:" in

        *:"$1":*)

            ;;

        *)

            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

                PATH=$PATH:$1

            else

                PATH=$1:$PATH

            fi

    esac

}

export b=789 #新添加环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]# echo $b

789

[root@localhost ~]# su - cjf #切换用户

[root@cjf ~]$ echo $b  #必然能打印出来值

789

3.在/etc/bashrc中添加(对所有用户有效,不需要重新执行,但需要重新打开一个base shell,例如关闭CRT正在登陆着的session窗口或者再重新打开一个session窗口,在新的session窗口就可以查看到变量已经生效)

4.在用户目录下的.bashrc中添加(对当前用户有效,不需要重新执行,但需要重新打开一个base shell,例如关闭CRT正在登陆着的session窗口或者再重新打开一个session窗口,在新的session窗口就可以查看到变量已经生效)